PHYTOSANITARY
CERTIFICATE
This certificate is valid
internationally and used in
the export of herbal products
and is necessary for the exit
of products from Turkish customs
and for the entry into importing
countries. This certificate
is used to prove that the product
subject to import is free from
all diseases and harmful material
and that it is proper for consumption.
These Plant Health Certificates
are issued by the Agricultural
Quarantine Institution or by
the Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Affairs City Directorate
in accordance with submittal
of required documents.
• Veterinary Certificate
• Helal Certificate
• Radiation Certificate
• Boycott/Blacklist Certificate
CONSULAR INVOICE
Invoices where the origin
of goods, price and value of
goods are approved by the Consulate
of the country goods are being
shipped to. Invoices subject
to approval are received from
the consulates of importing
countries. The reason for this
is to prevent tax evasion by
showing the invoice value of
the product as being lower
than its real value.
LEGALIZED / CERTIFIED INVOICE
A legalized invoice is acquired
by getting the approval of
the importing country’s consulate
on the invoice issued to the
foreign purchaser. The main
reason for this invoice is
tax laws.
TRANSPORTATION CERTIFICATES
In international trade, products
are shipped to one or more
countries. With these shipments,
it is necessary to determine
the responsibilites and duties
of both the transporter and
the owner of the load. This
determination is made by transport
documents. From this perspective
transport documents must consist
of the following:
• It must be issued and signed
by the transporting company
or agency
• Date of shipment of products
must be specified. This date
is important since it is used
to determine when the insurance
period starts; when the received
documents are given to the
bank; whether the purchaser
or seller is responsible for
damage or loss.
• Transport documents must
be clean. They must not contain
any information as to the packing
or condition of product, –
breaks, leaks, cracks, etc.
Transport documents containing
such expressions are known
as “dirty”. Transport documents
must not be old. In other words,
they must reach the purchaser
in time and they must be delivered
to the bank before due.
• Transport documents must
show the purchaser, or the
entity which is acting on behalf
of the purchaser must be specified
in the section “notify”
• In sea bills of lading, the
expression that goods are “
loaded to dock” must be stipulated.
• Some transport documents
are issued with more than one
copy. In this case the number
of the copy must be written
on each copy. (such as 1/3,
2/3, 3/3)
• Whether the freight is paid
or not must be specified on
the document.
TYPES OF TRANSPORTATION DOCUMENTS
1- Marine bill of lading (Marine
bill of lading, Ocean bill
of lading, Bill of lading)
: divided into three in terms
of transfer
- Straight (straight B/L)
- Order (order B/L)
- Bearer (bearer B/L)
Divided into two in terms of whether it was loaded to vessel or not :
- Receive B/L (received for shipment B/L)
- Load B/L (on board B/L)
Bill of Ladings of features
- Single B/L (through B/L)
- Collects;
Land + Maritime,
Maritime+ Land,
Land + Maritime + Land Transport on one single B/L
- Combined Transport B/L (combined transport B/L)
- Container B/L
- Straight Line B/L (Liner B/L)
- Short Form B/L (short form, blank back B/L)
- Tanker B/L (tanker B/L)
- Non–endorsed B/L (non-negotiable B/L)
- B/L depending on freight agreement (Charter Party B/L)
- Master’s Letter (Mate’s receipt)
2- Airways B/L (Air-Waybill/Aws)
3- Rail Consignment Note
4- Road Waybill/Cmr Consignment Note
INSURANCE DOCUMENTS
Insurance Policy
It is a document which protects
the beneficiary against risks
during shipping. There are
two main parties in an insurance
policy. These are the insurer
(insurance company) and insured
party (company insuring its
property or the company keeping
an insurance policy with an
endorsement).
An insurance policy must include
the following information:
• Insurer (insuring company),
• Insured company,
• Beneficiary of insurance,
• Subject of insurance,
• Transport company,
• Transporting vehicle,
• Duration of transportation,
• Place where the product is
received by the transporter
and where it is to be delivered
to the receiver.
• Risks, coverage and the dates
of starting and the ending
of coverage,
• Value of goods insured and
transported,
• Insurance premium value,
place and date of payment,
• Date when insurance policy
is issued,
Types of insurance policies
1- Valued Policy : The type
of policy on which the value
of the goods subject to insurance
are specified on the policy.
2- Unvalued Policy/Open Policy
3- An insurance policy for
shipping (Voyage Policy)
4- Floating Policy
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FINANCE DOCUMENTS
Draft
An unconditional order of
payment issued by the seller
and consisting of acceptance
of a bank or purchaser, or
approval of purchaser’s bank.
Order of payment may reveal
that a specified amount will
be paid at a specified date
or it may reveal that the payment
will be made on sight.
There are three parties in
drafts
1- Drawer : Party issuing
draft (seller)
2- Drawee : Party accepting
draft (purchaser)
3- Beneficiary : Party to whom
amount specified on draft will
be paid.
Drafts must comply with these
conditions
1- It must consist of the term
“draft” in the language it
is issued.
2- It must consist of an unconditional
order of payment (pay and etc)
3- Beneficiary must be specified
(real or legal representative
to whom payment will be made)
4- Date and place of drawing
5- Currency amount and type
6- Name, surname, title and
signature of drawer
7- Name, surname and title
of drawee
8- Terms
9- Records which must be specified
according to L/C conditions
Draft copies : More than one
copy of drafts may be issued
provided that all copies are
separate and the number of copies are written on drafts
Advantages of drafts
1- Incentive of credit,
2- Means of credit,
3- Discount,
4- Transfer,
5- Pledge
Some types of draft
- Full endorsement
- White endorsement
- Transfer endorsement
- Payment endorsement
- Pledge endorsement
- Acceptance of draft (customer
acceptance – bank acceptance)
- Guaranty in draft
